{"id":77267,"date":"2024-03-21T09:03:27","date_gmt":"2024-03-21T09:03:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/untoldmag.org\/a-journey-through-swanas-tapestry-of-forests-a-vital-ecosystem-under-threat\/"},"modified":"2024-05-31T09:12:31","modified_gmt":"2024-05-31T09:12:31","slug":"a-journey-through-swanas-tapestry-of-forests-a-vital-ecosystem-under-threat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/untoldmag.org\/ar\/a-journey-through-swanas-tapestry-of-forests-a-vital-ecosystem-under-threat\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0647\u062f\u0651\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0636\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>(<\/span>\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0631\u0639 \u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0624\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span>\u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0648\u0637\u0646<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>12,000 <\/span>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>50<\/span>\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span>\u060c \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span>) <\/span>\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064e\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>40% <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u064a \u062d\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u064e\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>9000 <\/span>\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>7700 <\/span>\u0633\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0623\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0651\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span>\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0645\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>300,000 <\/span>\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>1840 <\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>1848<\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u062c\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>1870 <\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>1940. <\/span>\u0643\u0645\u0627 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span>1.5 <\/span>\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0637\u0628 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062d\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>1942. <\/span>\u0625\u0630 \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span>\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 <\/span><\/span>64.96<\/span>\u066a\u060c \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span>3718 <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span>1266 <\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>2000 <\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>2020<\/span>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>40<\/span>\u066a\u060c \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span>134,777 <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span>188,748 <\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. (Zerouali et al. 2023; Boubekraoui et al. 2023). <\/span><\/span>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2001 <\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>2020<\/span>\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>8.39<\/span>\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span><\/span>272 <\/span>\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0641\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>70<\/span>\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>–<\/span>\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>0.9<\/span>\u066a \u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>0.89<\/span>\u066a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span>550 <\/span>\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644<\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Solmani (2020). <\/span><\/span>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0641<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>95% <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>1967 <\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span><\/span>2020. <\/span>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span><\/span>280 <\/span>\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>1967 <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>2020. <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span>328 <\/span>\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>1967<\/span>\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span>48 <\/span>\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span>2020. <\/span>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0628\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>1967 <\/span><\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>2020. <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>Aljenaid et al. (2022). <\/span><\/span>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0628<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/b><\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>19.3% <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span>2010 <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span>2019. <\/span>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>90%<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>50% <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span>\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"
\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. (Daiyoub et al. 2023; CEOBS, 2021). <\/span><\/span>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d <\/span><\/span>\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>886,000 <\/span>\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0637\u064e\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/b><\/span> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/b><\/span> \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064e\u062d\u0631\u064e\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/b><\/span> \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0651\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643<\/span><\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span><\/span><\/span>: <\/span>\u0645\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0648 <\/span><\/span><\/span>1992 <\/span>\u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span><\/span>2012 <\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/u><\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 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